Very Secure

On Getting Better at Bridge

January 2nd, 2026

From my limited experience in tournament bridge, it seems that the most important quality of a good player is the ability to remain concentrated and avoid careless mistakes.

At first, the ability seems natural to some and is impossible for others (me) to achieve. It has been frustrating learning how to do more complicated endplay techniques and squeezes only to fumble on simple hands because I forgot to count my tricks or messed up my entries. Perhaps I don't have the lucid mind necessary to become a great player. Nevertheless, I am determined to do everything I can to overcome the frequency of these mistakes.

A lot of my bridge study involves working on esoteric problems, such as a compound squeeze. I'm sure that someone could win a national championship without knowing anything about a compound squeeze. They don't appear frequently enough to matter in tournament play. That said, working on these hard problems improves one's bridge problem-solving ability. The book problems are usually way harder than the actual hands seen at the table. So hopefully overtraining the muscle to the point where the hard hands are easy will make it so that the easy hands are so easy that the chance of careless error will drop dramatically.

With that said, there is specific training I should do to get better at easy hands and problems. It involves learning thinking-patterns that remove as much mental load as possible. For example, the one place every intermediate player knows where to save thinking energy is with hand shapes. No one counts to 13, they just know 6-3-3-1, 5-3-3-2, 4-3-3-3, etc. Another calculation-saving technique is the "rule of 11" with regards to 4th best leads.

There are other places where I can save calculations. For example, let's say I'm defending against a 3NT contract where declarer opened with 1NT (15-17) and I'm trying to figure out how many HCP my partner could have. I could start by saying to myself "okay, 40 HCP in the deck, declarer has 151, so there are 25 points left." But 40-15 is always 25, so just knowing to start with 25 instead of doing that one step is a tiny mental load off my back. Ok, so I say to myself "There's 25 out of 40 remaining, i have 7, so there's 18 left, and dummy has 10, so partner has 8 HCP." This is simple enough, but it's mentally easier for me to add and dummy and my points first and then do one subtraction at the end. So 25 - (7 + 10) = 8 This method has one addition and one subtraction, and the 25 starting point is memorized. It also is good to remember partner could always have up to 2 fewer points than the calculated amount.

Here are some other scenarios where I can save time calculating:

1. Against 3rd/5th leads. If someone leads 3rd best, we have the rule of 12, and if the lead is determined to be 5th best we use the rule of 10.
2. When counting HCP I can remember all the combinators of honors as various values , ie AQJ = 7, not 4+2+1, AKQJ = 10, etc.

I'll try to actively think of different areas where I can "cache" calculations for future hands I also would like to figure out better ways to organize my thoughts when thinking about entries and possible adverse distributions, like in this hand.

  1. I assume the smallest of their range. []

Entries, timing, establishment, promotion, this hand has a lot!

December 31st, 2025
11
creich
♠︎AQ9765
♥︎K6
♦︎AQ84
♣︎Q
Basden
♠︎J108
♥︎1032
♦︎KJ652
♣︎93
W N E S
1♣︎
P 1♠︎ P 2♥︎
P 2♠︎ P 3♥︎
P 4NT P 5♦︎
P 6♥︎
marylousch
♠︎432
♥︎Q75
♦︎1097
♣︎AJ42
WillHaack
♠︎K
♥︎AJ984
♦︎3
♣︎K108765
6♥︎ S

I reversed to show my shape1, consequently partner took me to 6 hearts despite his 2 card support. West kindly led a heart, and I took east's queen with my ace. How would you plan your play?

Trumps need to be 3-3 or the 10 must fall doubleton to make. If spades are also 3-3 or JT falls doubleton then declarer has 5 hearts, 6 spades, and a diamond ace to make 12 tricks.

Is there a way to make it on a 4-2 spade break? Yes. Cash the king of spades at trick 2, play a heart to the king, ruff a spade, draw the last trump and play a club to the queen. Now you have 1 club, 1 diamond, 5 spades, and 5 trump tricks making 12.

  1. I probably should have just rebid my clubs to prioritize showing my HCP over my shape []

A neat 4 diamonds X contract

December 31st, 2025
14
creich
♠︎9
♥︎762
♦︎Q854
♣︎AQJ109
charleymus
♠︎KJ852
♥︎KJ10543
♦︎
♣︎K5
W N E S
P P 1♦︎
2♦︎ 3♦︎ P P
3♥︎ 4♦︎ X
joanyel
♠︎1076
♥︎Q98
♦︎KJ1092
♣︎72
WillHaack
♠︎AQ43
♥︎A
♦︎A763
♣︎8643
4♦︎x S

After a Michael's bid and a 3 heart bid, west led the jack of hearts. Plan your play at match points.

North stretched to 4 diamonds. Many pairs will stop in 3 hearts, which will go down at most tables. It's easy to find the spade ruff, so the defense should take 5 tricks no matter where the king of clubs lies. Thus declarer must make 4 diamonds.

West is likely 5-6-0-2 or 5-6-1-1 from the bidding. It follows that east has 3 cards in each major and a 4+ card diamond suit, likely 5 to justify his double despite his 8 and 9 card fit with his partner.

If west is 5-6-0-2 you can run the following line after winning the ace of hearts. Space ace, spade ruff, heart ruff, spade ruff, heart ruff. That puts us at 6 tricks. Now we need 2 more clubs and 2 more diamonds. The only way to get two clubs is to finesse against the club king. Once it wins and clubs are discovered to be 2-2, declarer exists via a club, endplaying east.

It's interesting to note that west, seeing the dummy's AQJT9, could play the king of clubs on the first club trick. Now after winning the with the club ace, declarer is put to a guess. He can play the ace of diamonds to get west's singleton trump and then cash 2 more clubs or continue with his original plan of cashing the second club and endplaying east.

One duck is not enough

December 24th, 2025
North
♠︎43
♥︎K54
♦︎K65
♣︎A10987
West
♠︎AJ10987
♥︎1098
♦︎Q109
♣︎3
W N E S
2♠︎ P P
2NT P 3NT
East
♠︎65
♥︎QJ76
♦︎J87
♣︎K654
WillHaack
♠︎KQ2
♥︎A32
♦︎A432
♣︎QJ2
3NT W

This hand is from BridgeMaster Intermediate A-17. My hand viewer messed up, the hand was played in 3NT by south and it was West who bid 2♠.

LHO leads the J ♠. Plan your play.

It's easy enough to see you must duck the first spade. If you win with the queen and take a club finesse and it loses, as it rates to do, RHO will lead back a spade, finessing LHO's ten against your remaining king, and you'll lose 5 spade tricks for down 2.

Let's take a moment to understand why ducking here is the right play. Ducking prevents the defense from establishing west's spade suit while keeping east's entry. If you win the first spade trick, the way the 6 spade tricks are ordered between you and the opponents are you-opp-opp-opp-opp-opp. If you duck the first spade trick, the way they are ordered are either opp-you-opp-opp-opp-opp or opp-opp-you-opp-opp-opp. After declarer ducks, west faces a dilemma. The earliest he can establish the spades is on the third trick of the suit. He needs to attack spades again before south can setup his clubs, but if he does, - either by playing ace and another or just a low card - east will lose his only remaining entry.

If the club finesse needed to be taken in the other direction, it would be wrong to hold up. The declarer could bang down the ace and another spade and establish his suit with declarer's losing finesse as west's entry.

After ducking the spade west does well to switch to a heart, knowing that his dreams of establishing his spades are over. Declarer still needs that spade trick that he conceded on the first trick. He can win the heart and setup his clubs, but when east wins the club king and returns a heart, declarer must duck again. Declarer still only has 8 tricks off the top, and so he must develop that spade trick without losing two heart tricks. After winning the third heart trick, declarer sets up his spades. Now if east has 4 or more hearts then after declarer takes the heart return declarer will establish his 9th trick in spades, and west will have no entry to cash the last heart trick. If hearts were 4-3 with west having the 4 hearts, then there is nothing to be done.

Could it have been right for south to duck the first round of hearts? This will prevent east from returning a heart after winning the club should he have started with 2 and west with 5. But then the defense could switch to attacking diamonds , presenting declarer with almost the same issue, but now down 2 tricks? Now declarer certainly can't duck, and when when east wins his club he will play on diamonds again, establishing a diamond trick for west and giving the defense 2 spades, 1 club, 1 heart, and 1 diamond trick.

A Hand I Misplayed

December 24th, 2025
10
will22
♠︎9
♥︎AKQ2
♦︎J97652
♣︎A8
the sleeve
♠︎Q732
♥︎98
♦︎KQ103
♣︎Q96
W N E S
1♦︎ P 1♠︎
P 2♦︎ P 3♥︎
P 4♥︎
gittsha
♠︎J85
♥︎J10
♦︎4
♣︎J1075432
WillHaack
♠︎AK1064
♥︎76543
♦︎A8
♣︎K
4♥︎ S

First I messed up the bidding, i jumped to 3h to do a high reverse but 2H was already forcing and rebidding hearts after my 2H bid would have shown my hand and helped us find the correct contract of 7 hearts.

Now the play.

West led a low heart and i won with dummy's ace, east following. Since i was playing pairs, it was important to make all 7 tricks. I can do this by developing spades and/or diamonds. On this hand managing entries, timing, and potential adverse splits is tricky. Let's say that the hearts break 2-21 I can play a club to the king, the diamond ace, a heart to the king, (confirming 2-2 diamonds) , ace of club pitching a diamond, diamond ruff, spade ace, spade ruff, diamond ruff. If diamonds are 3-2, diamonds are now setup, if not there's still a chance that spades setup from a 4-3 break. If trumps are 3-1 then I have to return to dummy the second time with a trump instead of a spade ruff, and the only hope for 7 tricks is that diamonds are 3-22

The mistake I made was that after playing the ace of diamonds, i returned to my dummy with the ace of spades and a spade ruff, and then attempted to ruff a diamond. I lost an unnecessary trick by using a ruff as an entry before using my high trump that would have drawn the opposing force's remaining trumps. This was a clear mistake because I was always going to need to enter dummy with a trump honor at some point, so I should have entered in that manner first.

  1. A 52% bet, now that i know that each defender has at least one heart. []
  2. Since I don't have the luxury of 2 ruffs to setup spades. []

Philadelphia Bridge Nationals Recap

September 23rd, 2025

I had the great fortune of playing with my father Ron Haack, Zain Mahmood, Maya Jonas-Silver, and Jin Wang in the 2025 Bridge Summer Nationals in Philadelphia.

The summer nationals is a ten day bridge event hosted every year in the states. Throughout the 10 days there are a bunch of various tournaments. Anyone interested in competing can join for just one day in a side game if that's all they're schedule allows. There's a few national events, which take place over 1-3 days, and each day you have to qualify for the next day. The biggest contest is the Spingold Knockout teams, which is single elimination and lasts almost the entire ten days. I went for the whole 10 days and played in various events with various partners.

On the first day I played a pairs game1 with my father. On one hand I played against a pro and client pair.2


philadelphia-80

My dad and I.


philadelphia-73


philadelphia-81

I was declaring a nearly impossible contract of four spades, and having already lost three tricks I was faced with playing the trump suit for no losers. The dummy had AT, and I had K98743. So my only hope was to play the ace and king and hope for the queen and jack to drop doubleton.

I lead a low spade from hand towards the dummy, and the client went into the tank. After a minute of deliberation, she played low.

My best play on paper was to play the ace and the king as I had planned. But left hand opponent’s hesitation made me severely doubt that the right hand opponent was holding the QJ bare. It occurred to me that LHO may not know that she needed to split her honors and play either the queen or jack. So I finessed the ten, played the ace dropping the J, crossed to my hand with an outside entry, cashed the king dropping the queen, and claimed the rest.

Hands like these are why playing bridge in person is so much more fun than playing online. The human element adds color to the cold statistical game.

The next day I played in the NABC+ open pairs with Maya. She directs at Honor’s in NYC, one of the bridge clubs where my father used to teach and direct. She’s a great partner, the first time we played she was even willing to entertain playing the system my dad taught me where doubles after overcalls at the one level are for penalties! I think she was relieved that I had moved on to playing 2/1 and negative doubles.

This event was a two day duplicates qualifying event, which means after the first day the bottom half of the field is cut. Sadly we finished as the chaff rather than the wheat.

The next day I played in a single day pairs event with my dad. Naturally the competition was weaker since the pool was mostly the losers from the previous day’s two day event. We had an average result.

Although I am a relatively novice player, I have high aspirations and wanted to play against the toughest competition available. So I signed up for the Spingold to get a chance to play against some strong professionals. I partnered with Zain, and our teammates were my father and one of his old friends.

I had slept terribly the night before and my play reflected it. On one of the first hands I mistook my clubs for my spades and doubled a three NT contract to get a spade lead. Needless to say they made the contract with extras. At the end of the morning session we got a negative raw score on all but one or two hands. We had the following exchange with our opponents.

LHO: “I wish we were playing for money.”
Me:“You certainly would be able to go on a nice vacation!”
LHO: “Vacation? I’d retire!”

Beauty sleep would not have change the results. But I do know that going into my next tournaments I will have to work harder to get a good nights rest. Getting good sleep was such a struggle that I took the time to read half a book on the topic of falling asleep and dealing with insomnia. The major takeaways were:

1. Don’t get stressed about not sleeping. An I-don’t-give-a-fuck attitude is essential.
2. Make your bedroom as dark as possible. Cover up all those LEDs, make sure you have good blackout curtains, etc. You should not be able to see your hands.
3. Exercise as soon as you wake up, ideally in bright light.

The second match went a lot better, at least for my partnership. At the end of the first session of the second match, we were tied at 0 imps! The final result was decided against our favor. The swings came primarily from a couple of slam and grand slam hands, which our opponents successfully bid but our teammates did not.3

I loved playing in the Spingold. The best part is that you play against the same opponents for 30 hands. It gives you enough time to learn a bit about their style and their bidding system.

The following day I played in a one day swiss team event with Zain again as my partner and my dad and his girlfriend as teammates. We did pretty well in the morning session, yet finished with just a decent result by the end of the day (15/ 67th). We played one hand against one of the Wolpert kids and his young friend, which had a ridiculous auction. I can’t recall the specifics, but what I da remember is that the little shits psych and that when partner redoubles a minor suit at the 2 level it should be to play (as the rdbl is necessary to put one in game.)

On the following Wednesday I played with Zain in the Werner pairs. This was another two day qualifying event, but since he already had arrangements to play with someone else the next day, we were going to drop out regardless of whether we qualified. Well let's just say we didn't get the chance to drop out voluntarily!

Zain give me a great piece of advice for pairs, which was simply to fight tooth and nail to try to get a positive raw score. Pairs, he informed me, was about not getting zeros, and it’s damn hard to get a zero if you have a positive raw score.

I remember on one hand I blew a game because I took an unnecessary finesse in the trump suit to try to get an over trick. Truth be told, at the time I thought that I needed that trick to make my contract. But since the trump I was finessing against was the last outstanding trump, I could have left it in and forced the defense to ruff with a high trump, leaving me my own ruffing trick with my last trump in dummy.

The following day I played pairs with my dad. We got some mediocre score, either just below or just above 50%. On one hand we had some suspicious play by our opponents. As I was about to make my opening bid, my right hand opponent pulled a card out of their bidding box. Since I was the dealer and they were out of turn, I called for the director.

Our opponents claimed that they were just looking at the card (there’s some information about scoring on the back of the bidding cards.) So we let it go and the bidding continued, with my LHO bidding aggressively to the three level in hearts, a yet unbid suit. We doubled. "The dummy came down and, shockingly, RHO had an opening bid! We called the director again and he raised an eyebrow at the opponents. During our dispute my father kept referring to my RHO as a “she”4 which made the situation both hysterical and incredibly uncomfortable. We wound up setting 3H doubled five tricks, and I couldn’t restrain myself from informing the opponents that _we_ wound up making 3 hearts.

The next day I found myself on a five man team with my dad, his girlfriend, and Zain. Zain was partnered with a charming Italian woman. Zain and the Italian played both the morning and afternoon sessions, I played with my father in the morning and his girlfriend partnered with him for the evening. Boy was I happy to play only half a day, bridge is fucking exhausting. I took the afternoon off to go to the Philadelphia Museum of Art, pictures posted below.

Later in the evening I kibitz’d Zia Mahmood playing with his partner David Gold.5 I notice that he often fingers the card that he is anticipating to play next; it seems a good way to keep your head in the game. On one hand the opponents took a finesse against a king, and Zia was holding the K along with Txx offside. Zia slapped down the T without batting an eye, and the declarer put on the face of bewilderment. It made no difference to the hand, but it cost the declarer a lot of mental energy to figure out where the king was. After the hand, Zia turned to me and said something along the lines of, "sometimes in life you have to torture people."

Our team put up a valiant effort but we didn’t qualify, we were just shy a few victory points to make it into the next round. Still I was happy with our performance. We played against a lot of top teams, one of which wound up taking second place in the whole event.

The next Saturday I partnered with Jin on a team with my dad and his girlfriend. Again we had a mediocre result. I remember on one hand I let the opponents make an impossible 6 hearts. I had KJxx of hearts. All I needed to do was make sure declarer was on lead for the third to last trick. Well I failed to do that and they made their slam, which I assumed would cost us a bunch of imps, but my father and gf had found the actual sound six diamonds slam6 and so the board was flat.

On the final Sunday of the event, I played another day of Swiss teams with my father as my partner and a bitcoiner/bridge pro and his gf as teammates. While we only did slightly above average, I played some of the better bridge I’ve ever played. My dad and I were happy to end the event on a good note.

I loved the nationals and I hope to compete again soon.

~ The Art Musem ~


philadelphia-1


philadelphia-2


philadelphia-3


philadelphia-4


philadelphia-5


philadelphia-6


philadelphia-7


philadelphia-8


philadelphia-9


philadelphia-10


philadelphia-11


philadelphia-12


philadelphia-13


philadelphia-14


philadelphia-15


philadelphia-16


philadelphia-17


philadelphia-18


philadelphia-19


philadelphia-20


philadelphia-21


philadelphia-22


philadelphia-23


philadelphia-24


philadelphia-25


philadelphia-26


philadelphia-27


philadelphia-28


philadelphia-29


philadelphia-30


philadelphia-31


philadelphia-32


philadelphia-33


philadelphia-34


philadelphia-35


philadelphia-36


philadelphia-37


philadelphia-38


philadelphia-39


philadelphia-40


philadelphia-41


philadelphia-42


philadelphia-43


philadelphia-44


philadelphia-45


philadelphia-46


philadelphia-47


philadelphia-48


philadelphia-49


philadelphia-50


philadelphia-51


philadelphia-52


philadelphia-53


philadelphia-54


philadelphia-55


philadelphia-56


philadelphia-57


philadelphia-58


philadelphia-59


philadelphia-60


philadelphia-61


philadelphia-62


philadelphia-63


philadelphia-64


philadelphia-65


philadelphia-66


philadelphia-67


philadelphia-68


philadelphia-69


philadelphia-70


philadelphia-71


philadelphia-72

  1. Bridge evolved from the game Whist. Bridge was primarily played for money in a version known as rubber bridge. The game is interesting enough that people found joy in competition without monetary stakes involved. (unlike poker, a game that is a snoozefest without a buy in.)

    Rubber bridge has a complex scoring system that needed some minor adaptations to be suitable for competitive play in a tournament with various partnerships. Rubbers involve playing multiple hands against the same opponents. At different times during the rubber the partnerships can be in different states (vulnerable, not vulnerable) and these states affect the scores they can achieve on the hand they're about to play.

    Since a rubber takes a while to play, and since one's score depends largely on fate, most bridge clubs host their competitions in a variant called pair games aka duplicates aka matchpoints. In duplicates, a team is assigned a direction (i.e. N/S) and plays hands with predefined deals/states against pairs in the E/W direction. After the hand, pairs achieve a raw score, which is the points they would have won/lost had they played that hand in a rubber. How well a pair does in duplicates on a hand is based on their raw score relative to the other raw scores of the pairs sitting in their same direction who played the same hand. If you get a higher raw score than everyone else, you get a perfect score for the hand. It does not matter if you win by 10 points or 1000, all it matters is how many pairs you outperform.

    The other popular variant of competitive bridge is teams. In a team game, you have 2 teamed up partnerships vs another 2 teamed up partnerships. You deal out hands with predefined states. Your teammates play the same hands as you do, holding the same cards that your immediate opponents held. Then you collect the raw scores from all the hands you played and compare them with your teammates' raw scores. Whether you win or lose is determined mostly by just adding up the raw scores and seeing if you have a positive number, with some tweaking (called the IMP.scale) to neutralize some of the variance on larger scoring hands.

    There's two other popular variants as well, board-a-match and pairs with imp scoring. If you're this far into a footnote and interested in knowing what those are then that's great, leave a comment! []

  2. Playing bridge is much more interesting if you have a good partner. It takes about 10 years of hard work to play the game at a reasonable level, and thus it's not easy to find a partner who knows how to play. Consequently, there are wealthy patrons who pay for a pro partner. Naturally, those partnerships have an imbalance in their skill levels. []
  3. They were at each other’s throats in rage. []
  4. in his defense, the whale of a person did look like a woman []
  5. He's got some social media thing going on Eat Like Gold. He's a great bloke, we had a nice dinner together with some other bridge pros, some of whom knew my father. []
  6. Which required dad's gf passing with a void in diamonds! []

Linear and Abstract Algebra - The Why

March 6th, 2025

As mentioned in my previous article, where I became aware of how the new language models fail at defining words, I've taken to studying algebra. The original motivation was to learn more about bitcoin's use of the elliptical curve digital signing algorithm. As I found myself reading about elliptic curve cryptography, I became acutely aware that I didn't have the necessary mathematical vocabulary.

This motivated me to start reading more about abstract algebra, which is a branch of mathematics that encompasses elliptic curves.1 As I started reading texts on the subject, I was reminded of my shaky linear algebra foundations, so I decided to add a linear algebra course2 to my study as well.3

I have my sights set on other branches of mathetmatics, such as complex analysis. The definition of an elliptic curve that I've come accross uses terminology explained in complex analysis. And how is one to know anything about a mathematical structure if they don't even have the tools to define what it is? I also am interested in retaking differential equations, even though that branch of mathematics is distant from anything related to ECDSA. Those two courses will have to wait though, as I already have a lot on my plate.

  1. Elliptic curves are ubiquitous. They were used, for example, to prove Fermat's last theorem. []
  2. From MIT's open courseware. []
  3. My brother was also interested in taking the course, so I am fortunate enough to have a classmate. []

ChatGPT Fail

March 5th, 2025

Use ChatGPT to learn math at your own peril.

I recently started a self study of linear and abstract algebra. I tried to use chatgpt in order to look up definitions. Look what I got1 :

Prompt 1: Define linear operator:

Definition of a Linear Operator

A linear operator is a mapping T between two vector spaces that preserves vector addition and scalar multiplication.

Formal Definition

Let V and W be vector spaces over a field {F}. A function
T: V -> W is called a linear operator if it satisfies the following properties for all u, v in V and all scalars c in {F}:

  • Additivity: T(u + v) = T(u) + T(v).
  • Homogeneity (Scalar Multiplication): T(cu) = cT(u).

Special Case: Endomorphism

If V = W, meaning the operator maps a vector space to itself, T is called a linear transformation or an endomorphism.

Matrix Representation

In the context of finite-dimensional vector spaces, a linear operator can be represented by a matrix, and applying the operator corresponds to multiplying the matrix by a vector.

Prompt 2: Describe the relationship between a linear transformation and a linear operator.

Relationship Between Linear Transformation and Linear Operator

Linear Transformation

A linear transformation is a function between two vector spaces that preserves vector addition and scalar multiplication.

T: V -> W

Linear Operator

A linear operator is a linear transformation that maps a vector space to itself:

T: V -> V

Key Relationship

  • Every linear operator is a linear transformation.
  • Not every linear transformation is a linear operator because a transformation may map between different vector spaces.

Conclusion

A linear operator is a special case of a linear transformation where the domain and codomain are the same vector space.

So is a linear operator a special case of a linear transformation or vice versa? Chatgpt gave me contradicting answers. Poking around other sources has led me to believe that the two terms are used interchangeably.

Here's wolframlpha's definition of a linear transformation. For the time being I'll be using that website as the resource for math related definitions. I noticed that they cite the contributor. Thanks Todd Rowland

  1. I had to fiddle with the latex response to make this somewhat html friendly, chatgpt gave me quality latex output that led me to have false confidence in the validity of that output []

One bitcoindexplorer mirror is down

March 2nd, 2025

http://mirror1.bitcoindexplorer.com/ is frozen at block height 883,682 due to being out of storage space. I rented 1.9 TB from a company in NZ and allocated 1.5TB to bitcoind + bitcoindexplorer. I could allocate the remaining .4TB to allow the mirror to continue, but I haven't decided if I am willing to because I pay roughly $1,500-$2,000 a year to keep that server running, and afaik no one uses it. My lease just expired and that mirror will likely be shutdown all together soon. If you have interest in it staying alive please leave a comment below.

Birding Guanacaste

February 26th, 2025

Below we have a peak at the airborne wildlife of Guanacaste, Costa Rica.

As I began my birding journey I was surprised to learn that there are only 10,000-12,000 species of birds1 known in the world. I'd hazard a guess that that means there is a maximum of 20,000 total species known and unknown and that the number is closer to 12,000-14,000.

The number 12,000 surprised me. I had suspected there was 1-2 order magnitudes more species. In the biologically diverse land of Costa Rica, there seems to be an infinite number. But that is not the case. And when my friend visited for 10 days and meticulously searched for every new bird he could possibly find - waking up at the crack of dawn armed with his notepad, binoculars, and merlin bird id app,2 hiking up to 30km a day, climbing trough mosquito filled mangroves, and then birding again at sunset - he found ~130 species.

Now indeed 130, 100 or so which were new to him, is a large number of species. But as his trip went on he went from finding 30-40 new birds a day to finding 1-4. And this made me realize that approaching the total enumeration of local birds is somewhat possible3, and that no, there obviously is not an infinite number of species of birds.

This realization of finiteness gave me an appreciation of the birds I see4 everyday.

These are the current finalists in the game of life, the ones that made it; all future generations will be their children. There's not endless variation, this is what is, if you want to see a magpie jay well those only come in blue with a white or black throat, no you cannot see one in red but if you want a red bird well a tanager does come in that color, those that peck wood look a certain way, parrots are never purple, hawks are never tiny, warblers are never large...

Here's what I've found sofar5, the shots were taken with a Sony A6400 with a 70mm-300mm Tamaron f/4.5-f/6.3 Lens.

A vulture takes a fishermen's catch.bird-3

Some snowy egretsbird-1


bird-2


bird-4


bird-5


bird-6


bird-7


bird-8


bird-9

These two seemed to have had a falling out.bird-10

The tricolored heronbird-11

My attempt at an inflight photo.bird-12

Tropical kingbirdbird-14

Streak-backed oriolebird-16

Scissor-tailed flycatcherbird-15


bird-48

A scissor-tailed flycatcher social hourbird-17

Scissor-tailed flycatcher in flight! bird-43


bird-69

Likely a juvenile common hawk bird-18

Some humming birdbird-20


bird-21


bird-23

A great kiskadee or the pecho amarillo or the bienteveo común. One of Guanacaste's most fierce and common little guys. If you've lived here you've definitely heard them. De ta-dee! De ta-dee! These little dudes attack falcons and hawks. Dun fuck wit 'em.bird-25

I swear these guys knew they were in a photoshoot.bird-26

Alright it's time for our sand piper and turn section. Attention! Formation!bird-27

Pretend to be a stick! HOLD! bird-28

The guy in the back with a long beak is a whimbrel. bird-29

Zoom in and see all the fish they got.
bird-30

The majestic white-throated magpie-jay. They usually make an awful sound but they are indeed able to produce a beautiful chirp.bird-32

A woodpecker or as the hispanohablante's say, carpinterobird-33

Does this bird remind you of Donald Trump or is it just me?bird-34

This Osprey chills on this branch everyday.bird-35


bird-36


bird-37

Black-crowned night heronbird-39


bird-38

Crested caracara with a little snack.bird-40

Find the hummingbird.bird-41

A blurry summer tanager, I believe`bird-42

Scrub euphonia, isn't this little guy just adorable?bird-44


bird-45

Can you find the woodcreeper in the below pic?bird-46

This may be a dove, I'm not sure.bird-49

The little blue heron!bird-50

Ok technically not a bird, but it's got a baby.bird-51

Yellow-crowned night heronbird-54


bird-55


bird-52


bird-53

The black and yellow crowned night herons get along, it seems.bird-56

A squirrel cuckoo's buttbird-57

Can you find the butterfly?bird-58

A few shots of the Elegant Trogon. This was from the Diriá National Park, an absolutely splendid place to visit primarily cuz no one is there yappin' and scaring away the birds.bird-59


bird-60


bird-61


bird-62


bird-63

bird-65

And now a black-headed trogon in my ~backyard
bird-66


bird-67


bird-68

Possibly a baltimore or bullock's oriole.bird-70


bird-71

Baltimore oriole bird-22

Blue-gray tanagerbird-72


bird-47

And we'll finish with a puffbird.
bird-73

  1. What defines a species? The answer is debatable, but the simplest idea - known as the Biological Species Concept - is a unique group that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring. The problem with this definition is some birds on the genetic periphery are able to breed with two otherwise disjoint groups. It's also, ya know, damn hard to figure out which other birds a given bird can impregnate with a fertile baby. []
  2. A tool by Cornell University that uses the phone's mic to identify birds by their chirps/songs []
  3. Local birds. Birds migrate to Costa Rica from all over North America so on any given day you may find a new bird that is passing by on its migration journey. []
  4. And for the most part previously ignored. []
  5. Actually, I have a lot more better pictures for a later article. []